What is Vertigo?
Vertigo is a feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. Often, this sensation can make you feel off balance. Many people think vertigo is just dizziness, but it is more than that. While dizziness is a general term, vertigo is a specific type of spinning feeling. Usually, vertigo comes from problems in the inner ear or brain. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), vertigo affects millions of people worldwide. Because vertigo can impact daily life, it is important to understand its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Common Symptoms of Vertigo
Vertigo symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people notice a spinning or tilting feeling. In addition, you may experience:Nausea or vomitingLoss of balance or trouble walkingFeeling lightheadedRinging in the ears (tinnitus)Unusual eye movementsHeadaches
Sometimes, these symptoms can last just a few seconds. Other times, they may go on for hours or even days. Because vertigo symptoms can be severe, it is important to pay attention to how you feel.
Causes and Risk Factors
There are many causes of vertigo. Most often, vertigo starts because of problems in the inner ear. For example, a common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). This happens when tiny crystals in the ear move out of place. Other causes of vertigo include:Inner ear infections (vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis)Meniere’s disease (a buildup of fluid in the ear)Head injuriesMigraine headachesCertain medicationsStroke or other brain problems
Some people have a higher risk of vertigo. For instance, older adults, people with a history of ear infections, or those with head injuries are more likely to experience vertigo. In addition, stress and lack of sleep can make symptoms worse.
How Vertigo is Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps to diagnose vertigo. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may perform a physical exam. Often, doctors check your balance and eye movements. In some cases, they may order tests such as:Hearing testsBalance testsBlood testsImaging scans (like MRI or CT)
Because vertigo can have many causes, it is important to get the right diagnosis. This helps your doctor choose the best treatment for you.
Treatment Options for Vertigo
Vertigo treatment options depend on the cause. Sometimes, vertigo goes away on its own. However, many people need treatment to feel better. Common treatments include:Medications to reduce nausea or dizzinessSpecial exercises (vestibular rehabilitation)Head movements (Epley maneuver for BPPV)Treating infections with antibiotics (if needed)Managing migraines or other health problems
In rare cases, surgery may be needed. However, most people improve with simple treatments. According to the CDC, early treatment can help prevent long-term problems.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot always prevent vertigo, some lifestyle tips can help reduce your risk. For example:Get enough sleep each nightStay hydrated by drinking waterAvoid sudden head movementsManage stress with relaxation techniquesLimit salt and caffeine if you have Meniere’s diseaseWear protective gear to avoid head injuries
Because triggers are different for everyone, it is helpful to keep a diary of your symptoms. This can help you and your doctor find patterns and avoid causes of vertigo.
When to See a Doctor
Sometimes, vertigo can be a sign of a serious health problem. You should see a doctor if you:Have sudden, severe vertigoNotice weakness, numbness, or trouble speakingExperience chest pain or faintingHave ongoing symptoms that do not improve
Because early care can help prevent complications, do not wait if you are worried. If you experience symptoms of vertigo, consult Satish Kumar Korum ENT for personalized advice from an ENT specialist.